Fred's Head from APH

The Fred's Head blog contains tips, techniques, tutorials, in-depth articles, and resources for and by blind or visually impaired people. Fred's Head is offered by the American Printing House for the Blind.

Welcome

Fred's Head is named after the legendary Fred Gissoni of APH's Customer Relations Department. Check out the bottom of this page for: Fred's Head on Twitter; receiving posts by email; browsing articles by subject; subscribing to RSS feeds; the archive of this blog; APH on YouTube; contributing articles to Fred's Head; and disclaimers.

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Sunday, April 01, 2012

2012 Nomination Process for the Hall of Fame: Leaders and Legends of the Blindness Field

The Hall of Fame is now accepting nominations for 2012 induction consideration. If you are interested in learning more about the process for submitting a nominee to join the 46 inductees, please visit: www.aph.org/hall_fame/nominate.html. The nomination process will close March 30, 2012.

"The Hall of Fame for Leaders and Legends of the Blindness Field is dedicated to preserving, honoring, and promoting the tradition of excellence manifested by the specific individuals inducted into the Hall of Fame and through the history of outstanding services provided to people who are blind or visually impaired."

Friday, March 02, 2012

Most Affordable E-Book Reader for the Blind Hits the Market

Now, blind Readers Can Access eText for Less than the Cost of an Evening Out

In the age of technology, when most people turn to the Internet for information, and a laptop is practically a necessity in the workplace or at school, the e-book is rapidly becoming as common and important to daily life as its paper-bound counterpart. Access to printed information for the Blind is more important now than ever, and though there is a variety of software available to make electronic books and documents accessible, it either comes complete with a price only few could afford without assistance from a school or rehab agency, or does not allow the reader to open even a minority of the various eText formats.

Christopher Toth, a blind software developer, aims to change that with QRead, the first e-reader for the blind that is affordable even to the average college student.

QRead is a program that provides blind users with fast and efficient screen-reader access to most common e-book formats, including both PDF, the industry standard for textbooks, ePub, a format popular for technical titles and fiction as well as many others. Users can open and tab between an unlimited number of books, place an unlimited number of bookmarks, and return to their current place in each book even after a session has ended. QRead offers the ability to read continuously, “skim” through a text by percentage, and even search for specific passages with its “Find” feature.

QRead interfaces directly with all major screen reading software, including JAWS for Windows, Window-Eyes, Super Nova, System Access, and the free and open source NVDA.

The program goes on sale today for an introductory price of $20, and is expected to retail for $30. Its nearest competitors are available for upwards of $80.

Mr. Toth says his software offers a unique benefit in addition to affordability.

“Historically, access to PDF, ePub and other eText formats has been cumbersome, difficult or even impossible. I invented QRead to fix this, and in the process have created a tool which will vastly improve your reading experience, regardless if you're a casual reader, student, or professional”, he states.

For more information about QRead and other accessibility software developed by Toth, visit http://q-continuum.net.

Christopher Toth is a freelance software developer in Tallahassee, Florida. His projects focus primarily on breaking down the access barriers faced by blind consumers of technology on a daily basis. He is the creator of Hope, the accessible Pandora Radio client, and contributes regularly to various open-source projects. Toth has been blind since early infancy as a result of Retinoblastoma, and started writing software while he was in high school. He founded Q Software Solutions as a means of distributing his ideas and his code to those who will find it most useful.

Thursday, March 01, 2012

Those Treasured Story Books

by Donna J. Jodhan

Ah! To be a kid once more or I should say it like this! To dream of when I was a kid! Those happy times when my dad and my older brother Robert used to read to me. What fun I used to have; imagining as they read to me. Dad and Robert have since passed away but their voices reading to me when I was a kid will always live on in my mind.

When I was a kid, I was unable to read print because of being blind and true to form my family came through for me. Dad and Robert would read to me; from those treasured story books and fairy tales. As they read, fairies came to life in my mind. I was the little princess going off with the handsome prince. I was the little girl getting into all kinds of trouble. I was the little fairy waving my wand and carrying out acts of magic and good deeds. When they were finished reading and long after the lights were out, I would lie in bed and imagine the stories all over again.

Some times I would day dream in class and even imagine that I could read these treasured story books for myself but when I grew tired of imagining I would conjure up dad and Robert reading to me. I could practically zone everything else out as their voices came clearly into my mind and o how I treasured these special times. I could hear them reading about the fairies flying around, the witch getting up to her nasty tricks, and the handsome prince saving the princess in distress.

Then I would go home and run to my room where I would look for my treasured story books. I always put them in the same place after dad and Robert had finished reading to me the previous night.

Blind kids of today continue to enjoy reading books but now they can do it all by themselves; listening to them on MP3 or Daisy books. If you would like to learn more about how blind kids read story books, please visit the American Printing House at http://www.aph.org.

I'm Donna J. Jodhan your friendly accessibility advocate wishing you a terrific day. If you'd like to learn more about me, then you can visit some of my blog spots at:
Donna Jodhan! Advocating accessibility for all: http://www.donnajodhan.blogspot.com
Weekly Saturday postings on issues of accessibility: http://www.sterlingcreations.ca/blog/blog.html
blogs on various issues and answers to consumers concerns: http://www.sterlingcreations.com/businessdesk.htm

The Workplace Syndrome

by Donna J. Jodhan

For lack of a better term, this is what I call it; the workplace syndrome. The workplace has now taken on so many new meanings and dimensions and we need to keep this in mind as we attempt to add the needs and demands of blind and partially sighted people. Today we find that it can apply to any of the following:

  • The workplace in an office environment
  • The workplace in one’s home
  • The workplace on the road

For blind and partially sighted people, these changes can both be a challenge as well as an exciting time but it all depends on certain factors. Factors such as having the right type of technology to meet the requirements of the environment of the workplace.

There is no reason why blind and partially sighted people cannot be a part of any of these types of workplaces. All it takes is a bit of patience, research and a willingness on both sides to make it happen. Blind and partially sighted people need to ensure that they can access their environment in an efficient manner and this means ensuring that their access technology is able to communicate with mainstream technology.

In the case of the mainstream workplace in an office environment, blind and partially sighted people need to ensure that their access technology can access the company’s intranet, mainframe environment if necessary, and that it can communicate in an efficient manner with online screens and databases. In case of at home workplaces, there needs to be an assurance that access technology can communicate appropriately with company servers and the same would hold true for an on the road workplace.

Employers need not be too worried about a blind or partially sighted person’s ability to use hand held devices such as IPhones, IPods, or IPads. Apple has done a marvelous job at ensuring that this is all possible. In short, the changing nature of the workplace should not affect the abilities and capabilities of blind and partially sighted people to be participating contributors.

I'm Donna J. Jodhan your friendly accessibility advocate wishing you a terrific day. If you'd like to learn more about me, then you can visit some of my blog spots at:
Donna Jodhan! Advocating accessibility for all: http://www.donnajodhan.blogspot.com
Weekly Saturday postings on issues of accessibility: http://www.sterlingcreations.ca/blog/blog.html
blogs on various issues and answers to consumers concerns: http://www.sterlingcreations.com/businessdesk.htm

Thursday, February 16, 2012

Oldies but Goodies: The "Established" APH Product Series

by Monica Turner

As a Field Services Representative, one of my responsibilities is to go to conferences and exhibit APH products. Oftentimes I will display many of the new and exciting products that we have to offer in order to provide consumers an opportunity to see the items firsthand before making the decision to purchase them. While it is wonderful that APH has been producing so many new products over the past several years, I find that I'm not often able to take along as many of the wonderful, older products that we still have available. We give you information about our new products each month as they are released, and we have been thinking that it might be beneficial to also go back and revisit some of the "oldies but goodies." We hope you agree and we welcome any suggestions you may have about products that you would like to see highlighted. Please send your comments and suggestions to Monica Turner at mmturner@aph.org.

DRAFTSMAN Tactile Drawing Board

The first product that we would like to revisit with you is the DRAFTSMAN Tactile Drawing Board which was first produced in 2005. This product is a versatile tactile drawing board that is used in combination with special film and a stylus to create raised-line drawings instantly. It is intended for a wide audience, such as visually impaired students, teachers, parents, and adults, and can be used in a wide variety of situations, whenever a simple raised-line drawing is needed. APH Tactile Graphics Project Leader, Karen Poppe has created a PowerPoint presentation (.ppt)to provide further information about this product. This information is also provided in a text-only format.

This video clip, http://www.aphmedia.org/video/draftsman.avi, demonstrates exactly how to prepare the DRAFTSMAN for use.

Staying in the Driver's Seat When You No Longer Drive

Reclaiming Independence: Staying in the Driver's Seat When You No Longer Drive is a product developed by Penny Rosenblum, Ph.D. and Terrie Terlau, Ph.D., released in 2007. This kit includes a large print resource guide, a cassette recording of the resource guide, and a DVD or VHS video. The 45-minute video follows six older persons, who stopped driving because of vision loss, as they continue to lead active, independent lives. These individuals discuss issues such as dealing with loss, and finding low vision, rehabilitation, and transportation resources that allow them to become successful non-drivers. The accompanying resource guide provides information about understanding visual impairment, services for adults with vision loss, transportation options and strategies for using them successfully, and finding resources that work. This product can offer people with low vision and their families validation, role models, information, examples of positive outcomes, and hope. The link below will allow you to watch an 8-minute complimentary preview trailer of the video.

http://www.aphmedia.org/video/ReclaimingIndependence.wmv

If you know of anyone who might benefit from receiving a DVD copy of this complementary preview along with an informative brochure, we do have a limited supply available. Please contact Terrie Terlau at tterlau@aph.org with their mailing information.

Card Chart Kit

The Card Chart Kit holds the 3 1/2 x 2 inch braille/print cards sold by APH. The chart board measures 19 1/2 x 12 1/4 inches and has holes for hanging and a corner cut for orientation. Up to five cards can be inserted into each of the six high contrast slots. The kit includes 90 blank cards. Additional blank cards may be purchased separately and several sets of prepared cards are available for purchase.

The Expanded Dolch Word Cards consist of 220 sight vocabulary words and 95 words with pictures. These cards can be used for reading practice or an informal assessment of a student's ability to read words in contracted braille and to spell words in uncontracted braille. Words are shown in contracted braille on one side and uncontracted braille on the other, with large print on both sides.

Braille Contraction Cards are large print/braille flashcards that can be used for practicing the Literary Braille contractions. This set includes the alphabet and numbers, punctuation and composition signs, two-cell contractions, one-cell whole-word and part-word contractions, and short-form words. There are 247 cards in this kit. The first 26 cards contain the braille alphabet on one side and large print on the other side. Remaining cards contain contracted braille on one side and both uncontracted braille and large print on the other side.

The Math Drill Cards that are available for use with the Card Chart Kit include Number & Math Signs, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division. The cards in the Number & Math Sign set have a math sign or number sign in braille on one side and large print and braille on the opposite side. Large print/braille math operations cards have a math fact on one side and the fact with the answer on the opposite side. These cards are done using the Nemeth Braille Code for Mathematics.

Together with any of these card collections or with cards that you create yourself using the blank cards, the Card Chart can be used for a variety of activities such as:

  • Alphabetizing
  • Matching (i.e., states and capitols)
  • Categorizing (i.e., verbs and nouns)
  • Reproducing information from a worksheet or blackboard
  • Sentence structure
  • Constructing a class seating chart
  • Scheduling activities
  • And many, many more.

Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit

Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit is a set of thermoformed raised-line drawings depicting geometry concepts, figures, and relationships which are covered in nearly all geometry textbooks. The graphics in this kit, however, are larger and easier for students to measure than those in most braille textbooks. They are intended to supplement, not replace, the graphics in a student’s adapted textbook.

This kit includes 26 white plastic thermoform sheets measuring 8 1/2 x 11 inches (52 drawings total), two specially adapted protractors, a teacher's guide in print and braille, and a storage binder. The protractor itself has several unique features, designed specifically for use with the graphics in this kit, which make it easier to use than an adapted commercial model. The teacher’s guide provides specific instructions about the recommended procedure for using the protractor, as well as a description of each drawing and instructional hints for teaching each concept.

In the PowerPoint that follows, you can see the line drawing of each graphic provided in the kit. Note: The black line drawings shown are not included in the kit, only the thermoformed graphics, but each line drawing is currently available for download from the Tactile Graphic Image Library.

Download the Geometry Tactile Graphics Kit PowerPoint.

Fine Motor Development Materials Kit: Twist, Turn, and Learn was designed to help young children who are visually impaired or multiply disabled in developing and refining fine motor functions. Fine motor activities encourage the development of eye-hand coordination and help children practice the skills required to handle or manipulate small objects with their fingers. The eight specially designed modules included in the kit assist students in developing such skills as reaching, grasping, raking, pincer grasp, wrist rotation, searching technique, palmar grasp, and visual-motor/visual-perceptual coordination and attract the child's attention with bright colors and ringing bells. The modules nest together for convenient storage in a durable carrying bag. Also included is a set of straps designed to allow the modules to be hung on playpens or cribs. This product comes with a teacher’s guidebook that contains ideas and suggestions for utilizing the modules.

This PowerPoint provides photographs and a brief explanation of each module.

The Brannan Cubarithm Slate is a rubber slate with a 16 x 16 grid pattern of nests which will hold small 3/8" plastic Brannan Cubarithm Cubes which are placed in the squares of the frame. Slate and cubes are sold separately. Each cube represents one digit and are numbered 0 through 9 in braille (no print). The cubes are available in a set of 100. Young students may find it easier to use this slate and cubes, rather than a brailler, to align problems such as multiplication.

The Brannan slate was designed by R.E. Brannan of Summit, New Jersey. Brannan turned over his rights to the invention to APH. APH began manufacturing the Brannan Cubarithm Slate and Cubes in 1957. Directions for how to use this device are available on our Fred's Head Blog. Photographs of the device and the mathematical equations described in the blog can be viewed in this PowerPoint.

The Everyday Exposure to Experiences for Enjoyment Calendar, also called the Everyday Activities Calendar, was written by Nancy Smith, a Wisconsin state-wide consultant for children who are blind or visually impaired and produced by APH in 2001. It is an idea-filled calendar that suggests a fun preschool activity for each day of the year. The calendar was designed specifically for young (ages 3-8) visually impaired children, but all children may benefit from and enjoy participating in the activities. The activities are drawn from everyday occurrences in a child’s life and make use of easily accessible, low cost materials typically available in the home. The large print/braille calendar comes in a three-ring binder with a colored dividing page between each month. The calendar is formatted with two days per page. This calendar does not track any specific year, and can therefore be used year after year.

The introduction for this product includes detailed task analyses of washing the dishes and of crushing crackers for meat loaf stuffing. These are provided in order to demonstrate examples of how to break an everyday experience down into the smaller steps that make up the experience. Because visual impairment results in a deficit of learning through visual observations and it is necessary to use a multisensory approach that takes advantage of the child’s remaining senses. Activities may need to be broken into smaller segments and repeated multiple times.

Examples of some of the everyday experiences that are included in this calendar are:

“What is a salad? Help make one for dinner.”

“Use an alarm clock to wake up.”

“Pick all the nickels from a pile of coins and buy something with them.”

“Find pairs of things, like shoes, socks, and dishes.”

“Visit a vegetable garden. What’s growing there?”

It is not required that every activity in the calendar be completed, but rather, the calendar is meant to be a compilation of ideas from which to draw inspiration and expand upon. The calendar is designed so that the user may begin at any point and choose activities appropriate for the child, the occasion, and the lifestyle of the family. Cross-environmental teaching is encouraged and activities may be taught by a variety of different “teachers” and in a variety of locations.

Listen and Think Auditory Readiness (AR) Level Listen and Think Level C

Listen and Think is a classic product to develop and improve listening comprehension and thinking skills. Listen and Think was originally released in print in 1968 and was adapted by Eleanor Pester and first sold by APH around 1987. In 2009 the listening materials began being produced in CD format when the audiocassette editions were discontinued.

Listen and Think Auditory Readiness (AR) Level (5-7 years) includes 15 lessons and covers basic listening skills such as understanding positional placement (e.g., up, down, behind, between, beside, etc.), comparing, classifying, cause and effect, sequencing, and predicting outcomes. The AR level includes an introduction and lessons on CDs, a print teacher's handbook, simple multiple-choice answer sheets, and crayons.

Advanced levels Listen and Think Level B (7-8 years) and Listen and Think Level C (8-9 years) introduce such concepts as main ideas, summarizing, outlining, and comparing. Level B and C each include introductory material and lessons on CDs, a print teacher's handbook, braille and large print multiple-choice answer sheets, braille and large print progress charts, crayons and marking pins.

Each lesson presents a recorded passage to the student which introduces various concepts. At the end of each passage are recorded questions that the student can answer using the provided crayons and simplified answer sheet. The correct answers and necessary explanations are provided on the recording as well so that these lessons can be completed independently, in small groupings, or with the entire class, providing flexibility for the teacher. Within the Teacher’s Handbook are additional questions and activities that can be used for follow-up reinforcement and to further extend the concepts presented to the curriculum areas of Language Arts, Social Studies, Science, and Music.

Money Handling and Budgeting is a collection of techniques and resources for teaching adolescents or young adults who are blind and visually impaired the skills necessary to manage money in daily life. This guide is based on the premise that daily living skills must be learned in natural settings and with real-life applications whenever possible.

A variety of fundamental, interconnected skills are addressed in this product, including: coin and bill identification; counting money and making change; budgeting; basic employment strategies; banking skills; and handling money in a number of simulated and actual daily living situations, such as visiting a store or a bank.

Appendices include a glossary, references, resources, an aids/devices chart, and a record keeping skills chart. Included with this product is an adapted practice checkbook with a vinyl cover; a pack of 28 yellow, raised-line, large type practice checks bound with 8 white, raised-line, large type practice deposit tickets; and a white, large type, columned practice checks and deposits register. The resource guide, along with the adapted practice checkbook, helps students learn vital money handling skills.

O & M Tactile Graphics is a tool for helping teach orientation and mobility concepts such as compass directions, clock locations, and navigating outside and inside. It contains 10 high-contrast print/tactile graphics and a teacher's guide in print and in braille. The teacher's guide gives you basic ideas for lesson planning using the graphics, suggested concepts, and instructional hints for each graphic.

The graphics included address the following concepts:

  • straight lines and points
  • compass circle and clock face
  • city block with sidewalks
  • intersection with lanes and sidewalks
  • types of intersections
  • T intersection
  • city blocks, 4X4 grid
  • advanced city block
  • hallway and rooms
  • room with objects

The Chang Tactual Diagram Kit is made up of a board covered with black hook/loop material and over 100 Velcro-backed geometric forms in 27 shapes and sizes, which allow for a wide variety of concept development activities. This versatile tactile aid allows for instruction in orientation and mobility concepts as well as other curricula areas.

The kit comes with a printed instructional guidebook. This guidebook provides 36 lesson plans that cover topics which include:

  • Introducing symbolic representation of objects and structures (scanning workspace, room representation, making a picture, left-right relationships, etc.)
  • Mathematics (angle construction, area comparison, grouping, and equivalent fractions)
  • Social studies (representation of organizational patterns, population information, and governmental body seating)
  • Science (representation of wiring diagrams)
  • Daily living skills (table setting, and dial-face orientations)
  • Orientation and mobility (representation of street layouts, intersections, cardinal directions, traffic movement, etc.)

The Chang kit is easy for young children to manipulate and has a pleasing texture. The stick people that are included have different left and right hands and the face is only incised on one side of the figure. This allows these figures to be used to mirror left-right relationships. They can also simply add an element of play to the lessons since they can be used to navigate the layouts that are created by the student.

The kit can be easily added to and modified as needed by the instructor. For example, the kit does not contain small point symbols, but these can be made by adhering the included Velcro strips onto items to be used as symbols or by using Feel n’ Peel Stickers. This kit can also be used in conjunction with the Picture Maker: Wheatley Tactile Diagramming Kit (its smaller, more colorful, and more complex predecessor), the All-In-One Board, or the

Time for Art: Art Projects and Lessons for Students with Visual Impairments is a handbook for teachers and parents that explains how to instruct visually impaired students in art, how to handle the media being explored, and points to consider in art program planning. Time for Art consists of a regular print guidebook and a CD-ROM containing an HTML edition of the guidebook, accessible to visually impaired users.

The projects included in the guidebook are:

  • Fake Fossils
  • Raised Line Drawings
  • Sandscript
  • Mural
  • Aluminum Repoussé
  • Papier-Mâché Bowls
  • Free-Form Fuzzy Wire Shapes
  • Fuzzy Wire Animals
  • Mixed-Media Puzzle of Me
  • Weaving
  • Wire Sculpture
  • Pinch Pot
  • Coiled Pot

Each project includes objectives, a list of needed materials, the step-by-step instructions, and a companion lesson that often explores other curriculum areas such as science, history, or mathematics. A comprehensive list of suppliers is offered at the end of the guidebook to aid teachers and parents in finding materials for the projects.

Instructors may want to consider using Time for Art as they work with students who are interested in submitting art work for the annual APH InSights art contest. For more information on this contest, visit the APH Museum website.

The Tactile Treasures Kit unlocks the treasures that make learning math and language concepts fun for young children with visual impairments. Tactile Treasures is an informal assessment and teaching tool for use with children from preschool through elementary school. It helps develop an early understanding of basic concepts and vocabulary that are prerequisites for reading and math. By pairing the tactile graphics of thermoformed real objects with included descriptive scripts/stories, over 90 concepts related to shape, size, comparison of two or more objects, amount, position, and page orientation can be introduced and reinforced.

Tactile Treasures is packaged as a complete kit consisting of three individual binders housing a total of 79 white thermoformed sheets, measuring 8 1/2 x 11 inches, and a teacher's guidebook (both print and braille versions provided) with two suggested scripts or stories for each concept introduced. The guidebook also gives a general overview of the materials, instructions for use, and extended activities. The types of thermoformed objects are numerous: from pretzels, buttons, and rings to zippers, scissors, and shells. The variety of objects depicted adds interest, encourages exploration, and helps broaden vocabulary.

The tactile graphics contents of each binder are as follows:

  • Binder I: Shape and Size Concepts
  • Binder II: Comparing and Amount Concepts
  • Binder III: Position and Pre-Reading Concepts

Tactile Treasures can be adapted for a child with low vision by outlining the thermoformed objects with a permanent marker, or even by cutting out items and presenting them on a high-contrast background. In addition, cut-out materials could be presented on a Work-Play Tray. Because of the versatility of the tactile pages, they can also be used to introduce related concepts other than those presented in the provided scripts. For example, thermoformed objects can be paired with the real objects for students who are still learning to transition to the use of thermoformed tactile graphics. (See photos below for examples.)

Tactile shapes have been outlined in marker this Work Play Tray contains a tactile graphic of raised dots paired with an equal number of small round pieces of candy

Please keep in mind that while APH strives to give you products that are timeless and durable, some of the materials that we use will eventually show signs of age. Please always inspect products—especially older products that may have been sitting unused for a period of time—before use, to ensure there are no signs of breakage or loose parts that could be dangerous for small children.

How to Wear Red Lipstick

How to Wear Red Lipstick

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Zarpor.com says that red lips are the quintessential sexy look but getting it "just right" can take a little know-how. Red lips are a classic look as seen on many a golden age Hollywood beauty, and they're a pop of color that can enhance many a look. Whether you're just in the mood to have fun with your look, or you're going to a formal ball, red lips are often the best choice. Here's how to make sure they're a well applied choice too.

Steps

  1. Select the red lipstick. Most people are able to wear warm red.[1] However, it is important to try different shades of red to find the one that suits you best. Ask a makeup retail assistant to help you make a suitable choice; be sure to test under good lighting.
    • Orange-red or reds with more yellow in them are kinder to olive or easily tanned skins (warm complexions).
    • Pale skin tones (cooler complexions) are better with blue toned reds.
    • A berry-tone fuchsia is a good daytime red.
    • Try red in a see-through sheer texture if you're not sure.
  2. Clean and dry your lips in preparation. Slightly moisturize your lips by adding a little lip balm. Before proceeding, wait for it to be absorbed.
  3. Add lip liner. The lip liner needs to be similar to the red shade of lipstick you're going to use (or use a nude color). Carefully line your lips, avoiding trembling. If you made a mistake, don't swipe it off with your finger––use makeup remover on a Q-tip (cotton bud) for best results.
    • Slightly line outside your lips if you want your lips to look bigger.
    • Consider using a reverse liner; it's clear and it allows you to outline your lips to prevent lipstick from running and bleeding.
    • If you don't have a lip liner, pat concealer across your lips.
  4. Apply the lipstick. You can use different kinds, but usually a traditional lipstick is preferable. Don't forget the very inside of your lips, as you smile the colour of your real lips might be a big contrast to the redness.
  5. To make your lips redder, and fuller, get a small brush and use your foundation to apply around your lips. Don't be scared to get close to your lips, the bigger the contrast between your lips and your skin the better. This will let your lips look better, and more professional.
    • It is best to always apply using a lip brush, not the actual lipstick, which should only ever be applied direct to lips for brief touch-ups. The brush ensures that the lipstick is added precisely and that it will stay put.
  6. Once in place, lightly dab the lipstick with a tissue. A coat of translucent powder can do wonders too. Then, last but not least, apply either a clear or a red lip gloss. You can never put too little lip gloss, but avoid the edges, because it might dribble over if it's too much.
    • Place your index finger in your mouth and move it around gently. It'll lift excess red lipstick likely to smear on your teeth.
  7. Consider the remaining makeup. The red lipstick pops and should be your facial feature piece. The remaining makeup needs to be consistent with this and flawless skin is the look to aim for (or the illusion to create). Here are some suggestions to achieve this:
    • Wear foundation
    • Instead of eyeshadow, consider using foundation with a dusting of powder
    • Mascara
    • Creme blush
    • Bronzer.
  8. Check regularly for red smears on your teeth. Have a compact mirror handy to check and swipe off the teeth smears should they happen. And they will.

Tips

  • As your lips get redder, your teeth probably might get yellower, so brush them before you apply your lipstick directly.
  • To get a deeper red, use two kinds of lipsticks, that way you will blend two choices if you are confused.
  • Sometimes, you can fill in your lips with your lip liner before you apply your lipstick, this tends to make it last a bit longer.
  • The pads of your fingertips are the closest to your lip colour, making these a good part of the body to test the red colour on first. However, this shows sheerness and texture, not whether or not the shade will flatter you.[2]
  • Teeth look brighter with some shades of lipstick, namely watermelon colors through to the fruity, berry colours.
  • In Hollywood, Rita Hayworth wore the really brilliant red, while Elizabeth Taylor wore a candy-apple red.

Warnings

  • When you are done, smile and try to talk. Sometimes you get red stains on your teeth, and you won't notice until it is too late.
  • It doesn't look too good when your lip liner is brown or a colour that doesn't really complement red, or bright red.
  • Never forget to apply lip liner. It helps prevent your lipstick and lip gloss from sliding all over your chin.
  • Avoid shades of red with too bright orange undertones; these will appear sallow and can bring out too much yellow in teeth.
  • Remember: Heavy use of make-up defines you as a type. Be sure you want to be defined as that type before you use it!
  • Red lipstick looks best with a flawless complexion and dramatic (but not overpowering) eye makeup - if you can't do this it might be best to get some lessons from a makeup professional, or even self-teach with YouTube lessons!

Things You'll Need

  • Lip balm
  • Red lip liner
  • Red lipstick
  • Red or clear lip gloss
  • Foundation
  • Make-up remover

Related wikiHows

Sources and Citations

  1. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/fashion-beauty/news/article.cfm?c_id=42&objectid=10781532
  2. Sarah Stacey and Josephine Fairley, The 21st Century Beauty Bible, p. 27, (2002), ISBN 1-85626-437-8

Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Wear Red Lipstick. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.

Monday, February 13, 2012

My Dogs and I

by Donna J. Jodhan

First there was Yella; a fat and happy Lab. Then came Lion and Tiger, her huge and handsome sons. Then finally there was Boyo and Brownie, the grand children of Yella. My treasured ones, my best companions. These are the ones that gave me so much comfort during my formative years.

Yella's happy and go lucky spirit enabled me to create and imagine all kinds of kid-like things; writing poetry and essays about her. Gosh, I even won first prize in an essay competition for my composition about Yella. By the time Lion and Tiger came along I was approaching the difficult adolescent years and these were the two that helped me the most. I would often lie on my stomach and bury my face in their thick coats of fur. There I would tell them all of my fears and fantasies and you know what? They never turned a deaf ear on me. They would always listen attentively and would often reward me with either a kiss on the nose or a paw on my shoulder.

By the time that Boyo and Brownie arrived, I was well into my teens and these two were a constant source of comfort to me. I played robustly with them. Loved them to bits, and in turn they helped me to cope with my adolescent years. Each dog was special in his/her own way. Each brought me special moments of glee and happiness. Each broke my heart when they departed this world.

My heart broke with grief when I left home and left them behind but I still carry them in my mind. When I was able to see enough, I captured their faces in my mind and now they are tucked away forever. Their personalities will always remain a constant source of consolation for me. Rest in peace wonderful furry friends!

I'm Donna J. Jodhan your friendly accessibility advocate wishing you a terrific day. If you'd like to learn more about me, then you can visit some of my blog spots at:
Donna Jodhan! Advocating accessibility for all: http://www.donnajodhan.blogspot.com
Weekly Saturday postings on issues of accessibility: http://www.sterlingcreations.ca/blog/blog.html
blogs on various issues and answers to consumers concerns: http://www.sterlingcreations.com/businessdesk.htm

Where Can One Find Accessibility Expertise?

by Donna J. Jodhan

Where can one find accessibility expertise to help in the web design/development/support cycle?

One would be surprised to learn how close at hand this expertise is and how available it can be. It's right here in our backyards; blind and partially sighted people themselves. Blind and partially sighted people are becoming more involved in website activities and are being used more as testers, evaluators, and as experts when it comes to deciding how to implement accessibility features into the design and development of websites.

For who better than these people to tell you how best and what is best to do when it comes to accessibility? They bring a lifetime of experiences to the table. Their knowledge of access technology (software and hardware) is second to none, and they, better than anyone else, can guide you on how to design and develop screens.

They can help you to better understand what combination of foreground and background colors are needed in order to make the screen more readable to them. They can help you to learn how their software interacts with websites; how their software interacts with graphics, icons, images, and drop-down and pop-up menus.

In order to further clarify this picture, I'd like you to consider the following. If you're in business to provide products for diabetics, how would you go about determining the measurement of demand? Would you ask a database of non diabetic consumers for feedback or would you rather ask one that is made up of diabetics. Chances are that nine out of 10 times you would consult the latter.

One of the most common pitfalls for companies occurs when they attempt to use fully sighted expertise to help them design and develop accessibility features. A sighted person may be able to understand but when it comes down to the finite points, they will never be able to fully understand what is needed and why. For how could they? They use their eyes to navigate and blind and partially sighted people use their ears to do the same.

In like manner, blind and partially sighted people are not fully able to understand how sighted people use their eyes to navigate and interact with websites. So the next time you are faced with who can provide you with accessibility expertise, look no further than the blind and partially sighted community. All you need to do is to ensure that they are regular website surfers and that they are regular users of access technology.

I'm Donna J. Jodhan your friendly accessibility advocate wishing you a terrific day. If you'd like to learn more about me, then you can visit some of my blog spots at:
Donna Jodhan! Advocating accessibility for all: http://www.donnajodhan.blogspot.com
Weekly Saturday postings on issues of accessibility: http://www.sterlingcreations.ca/blog/blog.html
blogs on various issues and answers to consumers concerns: http://www.sterlingcreations.com/businessdesk.htm

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